Материалы пособия содержат общую информацию о коррозии металлов, ее типах и формах, включают аутентичные тексты, направленные на изучение способов и методов защиты металлов от коррозии, таких как гальваностегия, цинкование, никелирование, анодирование алюминием, хромирование, омеднение.
Данное пособие позволяет рассмотреть электрохимические процессы нанесения металлических, неметаллических и композиционных покрытий, методы исследования их структуры и функциональных свойств, сочетание электрохимических процессов с физическими методами обработки поверхности материалов.
Пособие состоит из 15 разделов, каждый из которых содержит комплекс из 17 заданий по работе с терминологией, устному и письменному переводу, устному изложению содержания текстов на русском и английском языках. Тексты способствуют формированию навыков использования научной и специальной терминологии в процессе письменного и устного общения в профессиональной сфере. Послетекстовые упражнения направлены на понимание прочитанного, развитие навыков устной речи и аннотирования.
Данное учебное пособие предназначено для студентов, магистрантов и аспирантов направления 250300 «Технология электрохимических производств» по специализации «Функциональная гальванотехника» и «Коррозия и защита металлов».
1. Read the international words, guess their meanings and give the Russian equivalents.
Corrosion, phenomenon, electrode, electrolyte, filtrate, laboratory, result, structure, radiator, acid, contribution, molecule, element, degradation, component.
2. Read and translate the following verbs.
To contribute, to corrode, to protect, to destroy, to apply, to use, to affect, to observe, to establish, to make, to generate, to concentrate, to develop, to refer to, to replace, to perforate.
3. Match the English phrases from column A with the Russian phrases in column B.
4. Read and translate the text. Summarize it in Russian.
Corrosion is the deterioration of materials by chemical interaction with their environment. The term corrosion is sometimes also applied to the degradation of plastics, concrete and wood, but generally refers to metals. The most widely used metal is iron (usually as steel) which usually corrodes.
The word corrosion is as old as the earth but it has been known by different names. Corrosion is known commonly as rust, an undesirable phenomena which destroys the luster and beauty of objects and shortens their life. A Roman philosopher, Pliny (AD 23-79) wrote about the destruction of iron in his essay “Ferrum Corrumpitar”. Corrosion since ancient times has affected not only the quality of daily lives of people, but also their technical progress.
Philosophers, writers and scientists observed corrosion and mentioned it in their writings: Pliny the elder, Herodotus, Lomonosov, Austin, Thenard, Hall, Davy and De la Rive.
The most important contributions were later made by Faraday who established a quantitative relationship between chemical action and electric current. Ideas on corrosion control started to be generated at the beginning of nineteenth century. Whitney provided a scientific basis for corrosion control based on electrochemical observation. As early as in eighteenth century it was observed that iron corrodes rapidly in dilute nitric acid but remains unattacked in concentrated nitric acid. Considerable progress towards the modern understanding of corrosion was made by the contributions of Evans, Uhlig and Fontana. Corrosion laboratories established in M.I.T., USA and University of Cambridge, UK, contributed significantly to the growth and development of corrosion science and technology as a multi disciplinary subject. In recent years, corrosion science and engineering has become an integral part of engineering education globally.
